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The mental world is an ontological category in metaphysics, populated by nonmaterial mental objects, without physical extension (though possibly with mental extension as in a visual field, or possibly not, as in an olfactory field) contrasted with the physical world of space and time populated with physical objects, or Plato's world of ideals populated, in part, with mathematical objects.〔Synopsis of ''Consciousness and Berkeley's Metaphysics''. ... "What are the basic constituents of the mental world?", ''Consciousness and Berkley's Metaphysics'', Peter B. Lloyd, 2008〕〔Gottlob Frege, ''Foundations of Arithmetic''〕〔Metaphysics, Richard Taylor, ''Foundations of Philosophy'' series〕〔''Problems of Philosophy'', Bertrand Russell〕〔''History of Western Philosophy'', Bertrand Russell〕 The mental world may be populated with, or framed with, intentions, sensory fields, and corresponding objects. The mental world is usually considered to be subjective and not objective. In psychologism, mathematical objects are mental objects. Descartes argued for a mental world as separate from the physical world.〔''Meditations'', Renes Descartes〕 Debates regarding free will include how it could be possible for anything in the mental world to have an effect on the physical world. In various forms of Epiphenomenalism, the physical world can cause effects in the mental world, but not conversely.〔〔 Behaviorists deny that a mental world can be meaningfully referred to.〔''Beyond Freedom and Dignity'', B. F. Skinner〕 Reasoning laws about a mental world are different than the ones for a physical world. In particular, individuals with autism experience substantial difficulties in the former but perform relatively well in the latter.〔Galitsky, B., 2013 "A computational simulation tool for training autistic reasoning about mental attitudes", Knowledge-Based Systems, 50:25-43 〕 ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「mental world」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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